Pope Francis became the first pontiff to celebrate Mass in the Arabian Peninsula, the birthplace of Islam, on Tuesday, delivering an address to tens of thousands of people in Abu Dhabi at the end of a historic visit to the United Arab Emirates.

The ceremony took place inside and around Zayed Sports City stadium, where a large crucifix – a rare sight in an Arab Gulf state – loomed above the makeshift steeple.

In his homily, the Pope praised the crowd as “a choir composed of numerous nations, languages and rites.”

The ceremony capped off a trip to the UAE that saw the Pope condemn the war in Yemen, in which his hosts have played a pivotal role, and call for religious freedom across the region.

Images from the Pope’s tour of the pontiff flanked by Arab sheikhs in traditional robes were considered a striking display of Muslim-Christian kinship. But rights groups dismissed the Pope’s description of the UAE as “a land that seeks to be a model of coexistence,” pointing to the country’s crackdown on dissidents in recent years.

Prayers at Tuesday’s Mass were conducted in six languages – including French, Tagalog, Urdu and Konkani – for attendees from multiple Christian denominations, as well as some Muslims. Around 45,000 people crammed into the stadium while the rest of the attendees sat outside, with crowds sprawling outside the venue.

Nationals of the UAE are overwhelmingly Muslim, but some 90 percent of the population are expatriates, including around 1.2 million Christians.

Anticipation for the papal Mass, the Pope’s largest single event during his visit to the region, had built steadily in recent days.

On Tuesday morning, crowds gathered to catch a glimpse of the pontiff as he made his way to the stadium in his specially designed “Popemobile.”

“It’s historic. Christianity has been around in the region for a very long time,” Peter Hellyer, UAE historian and writer, told CNN. “To have a Catholic Pope for the first time in Arabia is of course historic. It’s historic for the Catholic community, I think it’s historic for the Catholic church, and it’s historic for the people of the peninsula and for the people of the UAE.”

Pope Francis kicked off his visit to the United Arab Emirates on Monday, arriving at Abu Dhabi’s lavish presidential palace in his trademark understated Kia Soul hatchback.

The Pope’s meeting with palace officials comes at a delicate political time for the UAE, which is involved in a coalition with Saudi Arabia in a war in Yemen. On Monday, during an inter-faith meeting, the Pope called on the world’s religious leaders to reject war, mentioning the conflicts in Yemen, Syria, Iraq and Libya.

While it is unknown whether Francis discussed the Yemen war with the Crown Prince during their private meeting, the Pope did issue a public plea for peace in Yemen from the Vatican on Sunday, just an hour before his departure for Abu Dhabi.

In off-the-cuff remarks not included in his prepared speech, the Pope said: “Let us pray loudly because there are children that are hungry, are thirsty, don’t have medicine and their lives are in danger.”

In response, the UAE Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Anwar Gargash, said in a tweet that he “welcomed” the pontiff’s prayers, calling on 2019 to be “the year of peace” in Yemen.

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